| General-purpose green-sand foundry | Gray iron, ductile iron, and carbon steel, subject to the foundry’s melt capacity and specifications | Moist sand molds; practical for a broad range of part shapes and production quantities | CT12–CT13 is a reasonable initial discussion range for many conventional sand-cast features; confirm by dimension and drawing | Visual inspection, dimensional inspection, material test reports, and agreed mechanical tests | Industrial housings, brackets, covers, and other parts where cost and robust construction are priorities | Alloy grade, heat treatment, casting weight and envelope, machining allowance, and inspection plan |
| Resin-bonded sand foundry | Carbon steel, low-alloy steel, stainless steel, and iron grades, depending on equipment and melt practice | Bonded sand molds and cores can support complex internal passages and larger or heavier castings | CT11–CT13 may be proposed for as-cast dimensions; tighter requirements should be assessed feature by feature | Dimensional reports, visual inspection, and specified radiographic, magnetic-particle, or ultrasonic testing where appropriate | Pumps, valves, energy equipment, and large components with demanding internal geometry | Critical wall sections, core support, defect acceptance criteria, NDT coverage, and traceability requirements |
| Precision-focused no-bake or chemically bonded sand supplier | Commonly iron and steel casting alloys; availability depends on the supplier’s qualified process | Offers flexibility for prototypes, low-to-medium volumes, and parts requiring carefully controlled cores | CT10–CT12 may be a target for selected dimensions when the process and geometry support it; obtain a drawing-specific capability review | First-article dimensional inspection, process records, material certification, and agreed non-destructive testing | Custom components with complex geometry or more demanding dimensional control than a basic sand-cast part | Which dimensions are controlled as-cast, which are machined, and how the tolerance grade is applied to each feature |
| Aluminum sand-casting specialist | Aluminum casting alloys such as A356-type alloys, when specified and available | Sand molds and cores provide design flexibility for aluminum parts with cavities or irregular shapes | CT10–CT13 may be discussed according to part size, geometry, and process; machining is commonly used for precision interfaces | Alloy and heat-treatment certification when specified, dimensional inspection, and pressure or leak testing if required by the application | Lightweight housings, covers, manifolds, and low-to-medium-volume aluminum components | Exact alloy designation, temper or heat treatment, porosity limits, leak-test method, and machining datums |
| Integrated casting and machining supplier | Iron, steel, or aluminum grades matched to the part specification and available process route | Combines molding, casting, heat treatment where applicable, and machining in one coordinated supply chain | As-cast areas should have a separately agreed casting tolerance; machined features can be specified to their drawing tolerances | First-article inspection, dimensional reports, material records, and verification of machined datums and interfaces | Parts with critical bores, sealing faces, bearing seats, or other precision features | Machining scope, datum strategy, allowance, inspection responsibility, and control of revision changes |
| Prototype and low-volume sand-casting supplier | Selected iron, steel, or aluminum alloys depending on tooling, melt capacity, and qualification | May use patterns or tooling suited to prototype and short-run programs; confirm repeatability for future volume increases | CT12–CT13 is a practical starting point for many as-cast features; critical dimensions usually need explicit review or machining | Prototype dimensional report, material verification, visual examination, and agreed sample approval process | Design validation, replacement parts, pilot production, and smaller-volume custom orders | Pattern ownership, tooling changes, repeat-order consistency, lead time, and transition plan for production volumes |