| Red and near-infrared photobiomodulation devices | Commonly red light around 630–660 nm and near-infrared light around 810–850 nm; exact wavelengths vary by device. | Wellness and research settings; some devices are marketed for skin or muscle-related uses. Intended uses and evidence vary by application. | Peak wavelength; irradiance in mW/cm² at a stated distance; treatment area; timer; and, where relevant, dose in J/cm². | Check measurement distance and test method, eye-safety information, instructions, and whether claims are supported for the specific intended use. These devices are not interchangeable with medical treatment. |
| Non-contact infrared thermometers | Many handheld models measure emitted thermal radiation in the 8–14 μm band. | Spot temperature checks in homes, food handling, facilities, and industrial maintenance. | Specified temperature range and accuracy; distance-to-spot ratio; response time; emissivity settings; and stated operating conditions. | Measure only the target area covered by the instrument’s field of view. Surface emissivity, distance, and target size can affect readings; these instruments do not measure internal body temperature. |
| Thermal-imaging cameras | Many uncooled thermal cameras detect long-wave infrared, commonly around 8–14 μm. | Building and electrical inspections, equipment maintenance, process monitoring, and search applications. | Thermal resolution; thermal sensitivity (NETD); temperature measurement accuracy; focus; frame rate; and calibration information. | Image resolution and temperature-measurement capability are different specifications. Check the stated measurement range, calibration requirements, and limitations involving reflective or low-emissivity surfaces. |
| Near-infrared illuminators for night vision | Common LED wavelengths include approximately 850 nm and 940 nm. | Illumination for compatible night-vision cameras, security systems, and wildlife observation. | Wavelength; optical output or illumination coverage; beam angle; power consumption; control options; and ingress-protection rating where relevant. | Confirm camera sensitivity and wavelength compatibility. An 850 nm source may show a faint visible glow; 940 nm illumination is less visibly apparent in many setups, but usable range depends on the illuminator and camera. |
| Near-infrared spectroscopy instruments | Some compact instruments cover parts of roughly 900–1700 nm; available wavelength ranges depend on the detector and instrument design. | Material identification and measurement of properties such as moisture or composition in suitable samples and calibrated workflows. | Wavelength coverage; spectral resolution; calibration model; measurement geometry; sample type; and repeatability. | Results depend on the sample, calibration, and measurement method. Verify performance on representative samples rather than assuming one instrument works for every material. |
| Industrial infrared process heaters | Common engineering classifications describe short-wave emitters as about 0.78–1.4 μm, medium-wave as about 1.4–3 μm, and long-wave as above about 3 μm; boundaries vary by convention. | Heating, drying, and curing processes in manufacturing, coating, packaging, and materials processing. | Electrical power; emitter spectrum; heating-zone dimensions; controls; warm-up and response time; reflector design; and required installation clearances. | Select for the material, line speed, and process geometry. Confirm electrical supply, guarding, ventilation, and applicable workplace and electrical-safety requirements. |
| Infrared remote-control transmitters | Many consumer remote controls use near-infrared LEDs around 940 nm, although wavelength and signaling formats can differ. | Everyday control of compatible televisions, appliances, and audiovisual equipment. | Compatibility; transmission angle and range; battery type; button layout; and supported control codes. | Infrared remotes generally require a usable path to the receiver; confirm compatibility with the target equipment before purchase. |